https://interactions.guidetherapeutiquevih.com/en/interaction-details?id=9651
https://interactions.guidetherapeutiquevih.com/en/interaction-details?id=9651
No pharmaceutical opinion available for this interaction.
Lopinavir / ritonavir can inhibit the metabolism (CYP 3A4) and increase the plasma concentration of Budesonide.
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Use an alternative when possible.
NNRTIs, raltgravir, dolutgravir or maraviroc.
Possible increase in adverse effects associated with corticosteroids.
Risk of hypercortisolism. Risk of adrenal insufficiency.
Avoid this association. Use with caution if it can not be avoided.
Use an alternative when possible.
In patients already being treated with this combination and tolerating it, if deemed appropriate, keep actual treatment and exercise close monitoring of adverse effects.
Beclomethasone 100 μg = budesonide 200 μg.
Budesonide toxicity: Cushing's syndrome (moon face, buffalo hump, obesity, striations, acne, hirsutism, hypertension, osteoporosis, glucose intolerance, increased risk of infections) and adrenal suppression (melanodermia, fatigue, weakness, hypotension, weight loss, digestive disorders).
Although budesonide can be an alternative to fluticasone, cases of Cushing's syndrome have also been reported with budesonide. It is recommended to avoid in combination with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors. There is a greater risk with fluticasone because it has the longest glucocorticoid receptor-binding half-life and is 300 times more lipophilic than budesonide.
Cortisol (plasma)
ACTH
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The accumulation of corticosteroids can cause Cushing's syndrome (moon face, excitation/insomnia, hypertension, increased appetite and weight, ease of doing bruising) and potentially a suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which could lead to adrenal insufficiency.
Indeed, some cases of Cushing's syndrome and adrenal failure have been reported in the literature with budesonide. See ritonavir and budesonide.
Ref #2682 : Case report of a patient HIV+ who developed a cushing’s syndrome with budesonide/formoterol as well as ritonavir/lopinavir, tenofovir and emtricitabine. The patient was taking budesonide because she had previously presented a cushing ‘s syndrome with fluticasone, and the symptoms quickly reappeared with budesonide. The dose of ritonavir was decreased without any improvement, and only the replacement of the budesonide by the montelukast allowed to go back to normal.
Ref #2683 : Publication of 3 case reports of children HIV positive who were treated with ritonavir and who have developed a cushing’s syndrome with budesonide inhaled. The first case is with a 4-year-old girl treated with budesonide inhaled and nasal for a daily dose maximal of 1200µg and with ritonavir 300mg/m2. The diagnosis of cushing’s syndrome was done 3 months after the initiation of budesonide. The dose was decreased until 200µg a day but showed no improvement one week later so budesonide was thus stopped. The cortisol went back to the normal 3 weeks after the end of the treatment. The second case presents a 4-year-old girl under lopinavir/ritonavir (ritonavir 235mg/m2) and budesonide 200µg a day. She has presented a cushing’s syndrome 2 years after the initiation of the budesonide. Lopinavir/ritonavir was changed for efavirenz, and the cortisol went back to normal 4 weeks later. The last case presents a 7-year-old boy having presented a cushing’s syndrome with fluticasone.
The safest corticosteroid is beclomethasone (Qvar) since its metabolism is mainly by an esterification mechanism.
Ref #2550 and #2551 : A cross-sectional study (n = 11 783) suggests lower prevalence of adrenal insufficiency with beclomethasone than with other corticosteroids currently available on the market. Pharmacokinetic studies with beclomethasone and ritonavir or combination darunavir/ritonavir demonstrated that there were no clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions. No variation of blood cortisol have been observed.
Budesonide should not be stopped without consultation with a physician. If the axis hypothalamo-hypophyseal is eliminated, stopping suddenly budesonide can lead to signs and symptoms of adrenal incapacity. It is recommended to decrease slowly the corticosteroid to avoid the symptoms of craving (fatigue, loss of weight, intoxications, weakness, low postural blood pressure and acute adrenal crisis). Plasma cortisol and ACTH test will document the presence or absence of adrenal insufficiency.