Darunavir / ritonavir

Rifabutin

Dosage adjustment is recommended.

No pharmaceutical opinion available for this interaction.

Mechanism

Darunavir / ritonavir can inhibit the metabolism (CYP 3A4) and increase the plasma concentration of Rifabutin.

Rifabutin can induce the metabolism (CYP 3A4) and decrease the plasma concentration of Darunavir / ritonavir.

Darunavir / ritonavir

Pharmacodynamic effects

Possible decrease of clinical efficacy and risk of possible development of resistance to antiretroviral class.

Recommendations

No a priori dosage adjustment is recommended.

Monitor the clinical efficacy and appearance of adverse effects.

Alternative solution(s)

Dolutegravir 50 mg QD or raltegravir 400 mg BID or raltegravir HD 1200 mg QD : see dolutegravir + rifabutin or raltegravir + rifabutin.

Rifabutin

Pharmacodynamic effects

Possible increase of adverse effects.

Recommendations

Dose reduction suggested of up to 75% (e.g., 150 mg every other day).

To increase the probabilities of achieving therapeutic serum levels and reduce the development of resistance and treatment failures some experts, as well as the DHHS, recommend a rifabutin dose of 150mg QD.

Monitor closely clinical efficacy and appearance of adverse effects.

Alternative solution(s)

Monitor

Rifabutin adverse effects : rash, taste alterations, anorexia, nausea, insomnia, facial paralysis, twitching, peripheral neuritis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, arthralgia, uveitis, elevation of liver function tests.

Tests

Rifabutin

Blood count

Liver function

Darunavir plasma level

CD4+

Viral load HIV

Pharmacokinetic parameters
Parameters
Reference number
# patients
HIV
Dose
Frequency
AUC
Cmax
Cmin
Rifabutin
2415
11
-
150 mg
Q48h
- 7% *
- 28% *
+ 64% *
Darunavir / ritonavir
2415
11
-
600/100 mg
BID
+ 57%/+ 66%
+ 42%
+ 75%
Comment

Several studies were initially done with healthy subjects with the combination of protease inhibitors and rifabutin. These studies demonstrated that a dose of rifabutin 150 mg 3 times/week associated with protease inhibitors was approximately equivalent to a dose of rifabutin 300 mg QD.
Subsequently, studies in subjects co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis demonstrated that the dose of 150 mg 3 times/week was insufficient for some subjects. Therefore, the dose of rifabutin 150 mg QD in combination with PIs is currently recommended in the guidelines.

Rifabutin dosage at steady-state (t1/2 normal; 25hrs) : targeted therapeutic index of 0.3-0.9μg/ml 3-4 post dose (Cmax) and a dose reduction may be necessary from 1μg/ml depending on the clinical context.

Ref #3117 : Concomitant administration of a protease inhibitor and rifabutin increases the plasma concentrations of rifabutin and 25-O-desacetyl rifabutin. The addition of a protease inhibitor slightly increases the concentrations of rifabutin, but increases the concentrations of 25-O-deacetyl rifabutin by 5 to 10-fold. In return, rifabutin does not significantly affect the plasma concentrations of protease inhibitors.

Ref #2415: * Compared to rifabutin 300 mg QD alone.
The AUC, Cmax and Cmin of 25-O-desactyl rifabutin increased by 9.81-fold, 4.77-fold and 27.1-fold, respectively. Dose reduction of rifabutin by at least 75% of the usual dose (300 mg once daily) is recommended (i.e., a maximum dose of 150 mg every other day).

Reference
  • 2386
    Darunavir (Prezista), Janssen, Ontario, Canada, 23 mai 2018.
  • 3117
    Regazzi M, Carvalho AC, Villani P, Matteelli A. Treatment Optimization in Patients Co-Infected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections: Focus on Drug–Drug Interactions with Rifamycins. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, June 2014, 53 (6), 489-507.
  • 2415
    Sekar V, Lavreys L, Van de Casteele T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and rifabutin coadministered in HIV-negative healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2010, 54(10): 4440-4445.
  • 122
    Ritonavir (Norvir), Corporation AbbVie, Quebec, Canada, 5 juillet 2021.
  • 1096
    Rifabutin (Mycobutin), Pfizer, Québec, Canada, 22 juin 2015.
  • 2449
    Naiker S, Conolly C, Weisner L, Kellerman T, Reddy T et al.Randomized pharmacokinetic evaluation of different rifabutin doses in African HIV- infected tuberculosis patients on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014; 15: 61.
  • 3116
    Center for Disease Control and prevention. Managing Drug Interactions in the Treatment of HIV-Related Tuberculosis. Disponible: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/guidelines/tb_hiv_drugs/recommendations03.htm Publié le 22 sept 2014. Consulté le 11 janvier 2018.
  • 3151
    U.S. Department of Health and Human services (DHHS) : Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents Living with HIV. Disponible : https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-arv/whats-new. Publié le 6 décembre 2023. Consulté le 20 février 2024.