https://interactions.guidetherapeutiquevih.com/en/interaction-details?id=11409
https://interactions.guidetherapeutiquevih.com/en/interaction-details?id=11409
No pharmaceutical opinion available for this interaction.
Dolutegravir can inhibit the renal transport (OCT2 and MATE 1) and increase plasma concentration of Metformin.
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Possible increase of adverse effects.
If patient is already receiving dolutegravir, start with a low metformin dose and gradually increase.
If patient is starting/stoping dolutegravir while receiving metformin, a dose adjustment may be necessary. Use the lowest dose deemed effective and tolerable.
Closely monitor metformin adverse effects and potential effects of hyperlactatemia, particularly in elderly patients, malnourished or with impaired renal function.
Since metformin is eliminated by the kidneys, the risk of lactic acidosis is increased in the presence of moderate renal insufficiency (45-59 mL/min). For this population, a dose reduction should be suggested.
If the patient has been taking dolutegravir and metformin for a long time, check for side effects associated with hyperlactataemia and adjust the dose if deemed necessary.
Choose an alternative if it is considered necessary.
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Monitor signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, weight loss, shortness of breath, and great fatigue.
Adverse effects of metformin: gastrointestinal effects and symptoms related to hypoglycemia.
Blood Sugar
| Reference number |
|---|
| # patients |
| HIV |
| Dose |
| Frequency |
| Duration (days) |
| Cmax |
| AUC |
| T1/2 |
| 3075 | 3075 |
|---|---|
| 15 | 14 |
| - | - |
| 50 mg | 50 mg |
| QD | BID |
| 7 (6-12) | 7 (6-12) |
| 3075 | 3075 |
|---|---|
| 15 | 14 |
| - | - |
| 500 mg | 500 mg |
| BID | BID |
| 22 | 22 |
| + 66% (1.7x) | + 111% (2.1x) |
| + 79% (1.8x) | + 145% (2.5x) |
| + 9% (1.1x) | + 14% (1.1x) |
Observations on pharmacokinetics suggest an interaction. However, observations in observational cohorts are contradictory as to clinical implications. See references.
Ref #3384 : In a retrospective analysis, patients (n=15) did not experience any adverse effects associated with metformin while they were on dolutegravir 50 mg QD. The study author states that there was no evidence on the increased risk of hypoglycemic events when dolutegravir was associated with metformin. However, he mentions that hyperglycemia was observed when doses of metformin were decreased. In light of these findings, the author recommended monitoring glucose levels and adverse effects of metformin rather than decreasing metformin doses.
Ref #3386 : Hyperlactatemia case report in a 77-year-old female patient. The patient on dolutegravir/lamivudine/abacavir (prescribed in December 2015) presented with weight loss and severe lipoatrophy. It is documented as a history: diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, sarcoidosis, asthma and chronic pain. NRTIs were withdrawn and antiretroviral therapy modified for dolutegravir + rilpivirine. Metformin, which was prescribed at 1000 mg BID for 3 years, was temporarily suspended and then decreased at a dose of 500 mg BID. There was improvement of lactates. The author concludes that the combination of dolutegravir and metformin and the presence of impaired renal function (advanced age and low muscle mass) may have contributed to the accumulation of metformin and hyperlactatemia. However, there was no dosage of metformin.
Ref #3387 : Retrospective analysis in outpatients. Different laboratory data were listed as serum creatine, hemoglobin A1c, viral load and CD4. Gastrointestinal side effects, hypoglycaemia, and dose changes of metformin were also collected. Nineteen files were analyzed. 3/19 patients had gastrointestinal effects and 3/19 had symptoms of hypoglycemia. A dose reduction of metformin was necessary in 2/19 patients and a cessation of metformin for 2/19. No cases of lactic acidosis have been reported.